Table: Species Taxonomy

List of animal species included in the phylogenetic dataset

This table lists all animal species used in the present study, along with their common names, scientific names, major taxonomic classifications (order, class, and phylum), and NCBI Taxonomic IDs. Sequence data for these species were obtained from publicly available genomic resources and used for multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic tree reconstruction, and duplication-history inference. A broad and diverse taxonomic sampling (spanning invertebrates, early diverging metazoans, jawless vertebrates, cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes, reptiles, birds, and mammals) was employed to ensure robust evolutionary comparisons and to accurately trace the origin, diversification, and duplication timing of the analyzed multigene families.